2023 NECO DATA PROCESSING ANSWERS
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INSTRUCTIONS: Answer four (4) questions only
(1a)
A data model is a conceptual representation of data, their relationships, and properties, used to design a database system. It defines the structure, organization, and format of the data that is stored, processed, and accessed within a database system.
(1bi)
Worksheet: A worksheet is an electronic document used to store and organize data in a structured manner on a single page. It consists of columns and rows which together make up a grid of cells. Each cell can contain a single piece of data.
*WHILE*
Workbook: A workbook is a collection of worksheets that share a common theme or purpose. All the worksheets in a workbook are stored in a single file and each worksheet can be accessed independently and edited without affecting the other worksheets.
(1bii)
Cell: A cell is a single box in a worksheet that contains either a value or a formula. Cells are organized into columns and rows and are referenced by their column and row labels.
*WHILE*
Active Cell: The active cell is the cell that is currently selected in a worksheet. The active cell is highlighted and all actions performed in the worksheet will be applied to this cell until another cell is selected.
(1ci)
Bookmark: A bookmark is a feature in web browsers that allows users to quickly save and access their favorite websites. When a website is bookmarked, the browser will remember the URL (web address) so that it can be accessed easily in the future.
(1cii)
Bitmap: A bitmap is a type of image format used to store digital images. It is composed of pixels (dots) that each have different colors or shades of gray. It is commonly used for digitized photographs and other complex images.
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DATA PROCESSING SOLUTION
3. (a) Definitions:
i) Parallel Database: A parallel database is a type of database system where data is distributed across multiple processors or servers, allowing for simultaneous processing of queries and transactions to improve performance and scalability.
ii) Distributed Database: A distributed database is a collection of interconnected databases that are geographically dispersed and work together as a single unified database. Data is stored in multiple locations and can be accessed and managed as if it were a single database.
Bi) Examples of presentation packages:
i) Microsoft PowerPoint
ii) Apple Keynote
ii) Three uses of a database management system:
1) Data Storage and Retrieval: A DBMS allows for efficient storage, retrieval, and organization of data, enabling users to quickly access the information they need.
2) Data Analysis: DBMS tools enable users to perform complex queries and generate reports, facilitating data analysis for decision-making.
3) Data Security and Integrity: A DBMS provides mechanisms to control access, enforce data integrity rules, and ensure data security, reducing the risk of unauthorized access or data corruption.
C) Four examples of input devices:
1) Keyboard
2) Mouse
3) Touchscreen
4) Scanner
DATA PROCESSING SOLUTION
6. a) Definitions:
i) Normal Form: In the context of databases, a normal form refers to a specific level of data organization that ensures data integrity and reduces redundancy. It’s a set of rules that define how data should be structured to minimize duplication and anomalies in a relational database.
ii) Examples of graphic packages:
1) Adobe Photoshop
2) CorelDRAW
3) GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program)
4) Canva
b) Uses of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in everyday life:
1) Communication: ICT enables instant communication through tools like smartphones, social media, email, and messaging apps, allowing people to stay connected regardless of their location.
2) Information Access: ICT provides access to a vast amount of information and knowledge through the internet, enabling learning, research, and staying informed about current events.
c) Differences between file and folder:
1) Nature: A file is a digital container that holds data, such as documents, images, or programs. A folder is a virtual container that holds multiple files and other folders, organizing them into a hierarchical structure.
2) Function: Files store specific types of data or information, while folders are used to group and organize related files in a systematic manner for easier management and retrieval.
DATA PROCESSING SOLUTION
2. (a) Primary Key: A primary key is a unique identifier for a record in a database table. It ensures that each row in the table has a distinct identity and is used to establish relationships between different tables within a database.
(b) Definitions:
i) Internet Service Provider (ISP): An Internet Service Provider is a company or organization that offers access to the internet to individuals and businesses. ISPs provide services such as internet connectivity, email, web hosting, and related services.
ii) Network Administrator: A network administrator is an individual responsible for managing and maintaining an organization’s computer networks. This includes tasks such as setting up and configuring network devices, ensuring network security, troubleshooting network issues, and managing user access.
(c) Functions of keyboard combinations in MS-Word:
i) Ctrl + A: Selects all the text in the current document, allowing you to quickly highlight and manipulate all the content.
ii) Alt + Shift + Tab: Switches between open applications or documents in reverse order, allowing you to cycle through your active windows.
iii) Alt + F4: Closes the active window or application. If used within MS-Word, it would close the current document.
iv) Shift + E: This specific keyboard combination does not have a standard function in MS-Word. It’s possible that it could be a custom keyboard shortcut set by the user or a third-party application.
